Hadzhidimov was born on 19 February 1875 in Gorno Brodi, Ottoman Empire, now located in Serres regional unit, Greece.

He studied pedagogy from 1891 until 1894 in Kyustendil and then in Sofia, at this time he adopted socialist ideas and later became a member of the Macedonian-Adrianople Social Democratic Group.

After the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 he returned to Ottoman Macedonia and was one of the founders of the People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section).

In 1909 he went back to Sofia, where Hadzhidimov joined the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists).

He was captured in Thessaloniki during the Second Balkan War and was exiled by the Greek authorities to the island of Paleo Trikeri, where he contracted jaundice.