It is the capital of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state and the administrative centre of Aweil Center County.

Refugees, war displaced returnees, nomadic cattle keepers and local families moving seasonally with their animals to source water give Aweil a mobile population.

[5] Aweil is located in a Tropical savanna climate (classification Aw) with, usually, a dry winter.

In 2020, drought weather in July was followed by high rainfall in August which interrupted crop production.

[13] After a period of disuse due to civil war damage, the line from Aweil to Wau and the station were restored to use in 2010.

[16] In 2024, the airstrip is used by Badr Airlines transporting non-government organisation passengers and cargo to and from Aweil and Juba each Monday.

[18] The St. Mary's Girls Secondary School is owned and administered by the Aweil Diocese of the Episcopal Church of the Sudan (ECS)[19] Aweil Civil Hospital is a referral hospital, one of the three in South Sudan.

[20] In April 2023, Northern Bahr El Ghazal's State Ministry of Culture with support from the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) held a peace celebration in Aweil.

[22] Pan Aweil Development Agency (PADA) was founded in 2009 and recognised by the Southern Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission in 2010.

The agency supports small scale local business ventures in key areas such as agriculture, water sanitation and community development.

[23] The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) maintains a presence in Aweil.

[25] On board were three French nationals, Yvon Féliot, a pilot for Aviation Without Borders, Jean-Paul Bescond, a doctor, and Laurent Fernet, a logistician, both working for Doctors Without Borders (MSF) as well as Frazer Ariyamba, a technician for the World Food Programme (WFP).