Dobukai Station consists of a single side platform serving one bi-directional track.

Dobukai Station was opened for freight services only on December 25, 1915, as Osarizawa Station (尾去沢駅) on the privately owned Akita Railways, serving the village of Nishikigi, Akita.

The line was nationalized on June 1, 1934, becoming part of the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) system.

The JGR became the Japan National Railways (JNR) after World War II.

The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987.