She was named after her maternal grandmother Dorothea Maria of Anhalt, who had already died at that point in time.

Maurice inherited the Lordship of Zeitz as an apanage, making him the founder of the Saxe-Zeitz branch of the House of Wettin.

The Duke and Duchess saw as their main task to revive the economy and to repair the devastation of the infrastructure of their principality during the Thirty Years' War.

She was buried in a magnificent sarcophagus in the hall crypt below the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul in Zeitz.

She married on 3 July 1656 in Weimar with Duke Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz, the youngest surviving son of Elector John George I of Saxony, from his second marriage, with Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia.