Duchess Dorothea Sophia of Saxe-Altenburg (19 December 1587 – 10 February 1645) was Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg.

She was the fourth child and second daughter of Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, and his first wife, Sophie of Württemberg.

Unlike her predecessors, Princess-Abbess Dorothea Sophia often confronted John George I, Elector of Saxony.

Dorothea Sophia prohibited her clergy to deny absolution to a person who made a genuine and contrite confession.

However, if the same parishioner repeated the sin, they were to face increasingly severe chastisement and, finally, a referral to the consistory.