The town’s name, which means "two sisters", dates from its founding in 1248 by King Ferdinand III of Castile and honours Elvira and Estefanía Nazareno, the two sisters of Gonzalo Nazareno, one of the king's principal military commanders.

The Trickster of Seville and Stone Guest is the play from which the myth of "Don Juan" derives the name.

At Dos Hermanas, south of Los Palacios ( geographical coordinates: 37°12′35″N 5°55′33″W / 37.20972°N 5.92583°W / 37.20972; -5.92583 ), there is a powerful broadcasting mediumwave facility with a 232 metre tall guyed mast, used for the transmission of the first program of RNE with 300 kW on 684 kHz.

The transmitter, which is most often designated as "RNE-1 Sevilla" can be received easily at night throughout Europe and northern Africa.

The members of Spanish lounge music duo Los del Río (known for their song "Macarena") are natives of Dos Hermanas and still reside in the city.