The Double Tenth Agreement, formally known as the Summary of Conversations Between the Government and Representatives of the Communist Party of China, was an agreement between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that was concluded on 10 October 1945 (the Double Ten Day of the Republic of China) after 43 days of negotiations.

[1][2] CCP Chairman Mao Zedong and United States Ambassador to China Patrick J. Hurley flew together to Chongqing on 27 August 1945 to begin the negotiations.

Poor relations between the KMT and CCP during the war was soon exacerbated due to the loss of a shared goal both parties held; the defeat of the Japanese troops in China.

[8]The talks ran over a course of 41 days starting from 28 August 1945 and concluded with the signing of the Double Tenth Agreement on 10 October 1945.

Some examples of the concessions initially made was a reduction of the CCP military to 20 divisions and the withdrawal of troops from a few southern CCP-occupied provinces.

The primary policies being the CCP recognising the legitimacy of the KMT governance over China, the democratisation of the political parties, the formation of a national assembly and the nationalisation of troops.

[15] Mao placed great importance on the division of land between the KMT and CCP, desiring a north–south split in the Chinese region between the two parties.

[16] Mao also knew that the KMT would not be in the position to start a civil war and so used the negotiations as a way to "mobilize the masses, to win over the puppet troops, to publish newspapers [and] to develop our secret service".

Mao states "Our policy was set long ago – to give tit for tat, to fight for every inch of land".

[8] Mao was unwilling to abandon his revolutionary goals which implied to the KMT that the CCP would not lay down their arms and become a party opposition in a democratic coalition.

Chiang used the talks as a way to reduce international pressure on the KMT party as well as a stalling tactic to help assist his primary goal of eliminating the CCP.

[23] As well as years of poor relations between the two parties, and a general mistrust of each side, the Double Tenth Agreement resulted in failure and by 1946, civil war had erupted between the CCP and KMT.

[25][26] The US objective was to maintain peace between the KMT and CCP, and stability in the Chinese region, while remaining out of China's internal affairs.

[28] Throughout the negotiations, Hurley was optimistic about the talks, even near the end, stating, "the rapprochement between the two leading parties of China seems to be progressing and the discussion and rumors of civil war recede as the conference continues.

[30] Due to ideological similarities, the Soviets did favour the CCP, however during the Double Tenth Agreement did not outwardly support the party.