Dragutin Keserović (Serbian Cyrillic: Драгутин Кесеровић; 21 November 1896 – 17 August 1945) was a Yugoslav Chetnik military commander holding the rank of lieutenant colonel and vojvoda during World War II.

[5] According to post-war Yugoslav sources, the Partisan Rasina detachment and the Chetniks' commander Keserović agreed to attack Kruševac together, on 23 September 1941.

[6] On 24 September, Keserović's Chetnik detachment attacked German troops in the Kruševac district, killing 23 soldiers.

[9] At the end of September, Keserović and Radojević[10] published a printed flyer against Kosta Pećanac and signed it People's Liberation Movement of Chetniks and Partisans (Serbian: Народноослободилачка војска четника и партизана).

The remaining members of local garrison joined Keserović whose forces were chased by multiple detachments of legalized Chetniks until the end of February.

After these orders, Keserović issued a general direction urging peasants in his area of operations to hide grain, livestock, and fodder from the occupying forces.

[20] The operation was a punitive expedition aimed against Mihailović's Chetniks, the chief target of German commanders who wanted to secure control of Serbia before important battles in North Africa.

[22] The Military Commander in Serbia prepared a list of 24 Chetnik officers to be arrested by the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen, one of them being Keserović.

[28] In January 1943, Axis forces launched Case White, a combined strategic offensive aimed at destroying the Yugoslav Partisan resistance in the neighboring Independent State of Croatia.

[37] One of the elite Chetnik military units which would bear the biggest burden of defense from Tito's advancing communist forces was the Rasina-Toplica Corps Group, commanded by Keserović.

This was a combined operation with Bulgarian troops, Serbian quisling formations, and Chetnik forces commanded by Radoslav Račić.

[42] In late August 1944, a US Office of Strategic Services mission led by Colonel Robert H. McDowell was parachuted into a Chetnik-controlled area of occupied Serbia to join Mihailović's headquarters, gather general intelligence and establish contacts with representatives of pro-Western forces in Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania.

Keserović reported this to Mihailović on 19 October and refused the ultimatum, withdrawing towards the Ibar River valley with a small detachment of about 500 men.

[46] On September 21 Keserović's Chetniks, along with local unit of Serbian State Guard and German artillery and aviation, inflicted biggest defeat to Partisans in fight for Serbia during 1944 between villages Velika Drenova and Parcane in Kruševac region.

[49] In late 1944, Keserović released a captured member of the enemy forces whose name was Alija Izetbegović (who would in 1996 became the first President of Bosnia and Herzegovina), based on intervention by a group of Serbs who informed him that Izetbegović's grandfather had saved the lives of 40 Serbs[50] in 1914 during an anti-Serb pogrom that followed the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

In his area of responsibility in occupied Serbia, Keserović used terror tactics against Partisans, their families, and sympathizers, drawing up lists of people and ordering them to be killed.

Keserović's troops were part of main Chetnik column that went towards Zelengora on May 10-11,[55] following Mihailović decision to return to Serbia, because advance towards Slovenia was impossible.

[59] The court passed a verdict by which it sentenced Colonel Keserović to death by firing squad, loss of all civil rights and confiscation of all property for crimes against the people and the state, for aiding the occupier, for cooperation with the government of Milan Nedić and for hostile activities against the new state aimed at subversion of the new constitutional order, peace and security.