[1] The state was established in 1177, in the partition of the Duchy of Greater Poland, after the rebellion against Mieszko III.

Duke Casimir II the Just of the Piast dynasty become its first ruler.

[3] It remained a fiefdom within the Duchy of Poland, until 1227, and after that, it become an independent state.

[4] Andrzej Wędzki, Kalisz w państwie wczesnopiastowskim i w okresie rozbicia dzielnicowego.

In: Władysław Rusiński (redactor), Dzieje Kalisza.