The unincorporated communities of French River, Palmers, and Clover Valley are located within Duluth Township.

The French River flows through the southwest part of Duluth Township.

Creeks that flow through the township include Big Sucker, Schmidt, and Stanley.

The Talmadge River briefly enters the southwest corner of Duluth Township and flows into Lake Superior.

19.3% were of Norwegian, 14.6% German, 14.1% Swedish, 13.5% Finnish, 7.0% United States or American and 6.3% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000.