Dutch India

[2][3] After the Dutch conquered Ceylon from the Portuguese in 1656, they took the Portuguese forts on the Malabar coast five years later as well, as both were major spice producers, to create a Dutch monopoly for the spice trade.

In the second half of the eighteenth century, the Dutch lost their influence more and more following the Travancore–Dutch War.

The Kew Letters relinquished all Dutch colonies to the British, to prevent them from being overrun by the French.

By the middle of 1825, therefore, the Dutch had lost their last trading posts in India.

Dutch mints in Cochin, Masulipatnam, Nagapatnam, Pondicherry (for the five years 1693–98 when the Dutch had gained control from the French), and Pulicat issued coins modeled on local Indian coinages.