[2] The outcome of transactions can be determined by, for instance, the number of sellers a buyer is connected to, or vice versa (Corominas-Bosch[5] model).
Kranton and Minehart[6] concluded that if markets were considered networks, it would enable sellers to pool uncertainty in demand.
Károly Polány, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Bronislaw Malinowski studied tribes where complicated gift exchange mechanisms constructed networks between groups, such as families or islands.
[citation needed] Recent studies have tried to examine the deeper connection between socio-economic factors and phenomena and the scale-free property.
They found that business networks have scale-free property and that the merger among companies decreases the average separation between firms and increases cliquishness.
These results were found to be useful in order to understand how to overcome a possible contagion of similar disturbances in payment networks.