Eduard (Asher Anshel) Birnbaum (1855–1920) was a Polish-born German hazzan (cantor) and one of the first explorers of Jewish music.
Two years later he became the chief cantor in Beuthen, where he began to collect printed and manuscript music, literature and source material, which became the basis for his research, as well as for his critical treatise on Baal T'fillah, a collection of 1,500 Jewish ritual melodies and recitatives by Cantor Abraham Bär (1834–1894), published in 1877.
In 1879, Birnbaum succeeded Zvi Hirsch Weintraub as the main cantor in the Jewish community of Königsberg and held this position until his death in 1920.
He also composed liturgical works, some of which were published posthumously in Der jüdische Kantor (The Jewish Cantor) 1927–1931.
They contain his thematic catalogue, which lists synagogal melodies on about 7,000 cards, as well as his collection of references to music in rabbinical texts.