Eduardo Aninat Ureta (born 25 February 1948) is an economist and a Chilean politician who served as the country's Minister of Finance from March 1994 to December 1999.

Between 1981 and 1994, he was a principal member of an economic consulting firm, Aninat, Méndez & Associates, working with various Latin American governments and international organisations such as the World Bank on tax policy and national debt restructuring.

He remained in the position for the entirety of Ruiz-Tagle's presidency, serving as the country's chief senior negotiator for the Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement and overseeing a drop in national inflation from 8% at the beginning of his term to 6% in 1997.

His management of the country's response to the 1997 Asian financial crisis received a degree of criticism from the press for the manner in which all decisions were made within informal meetings between a small and closed circle, essentially made up of Aninat, and the directors of the Central Bank of Chile—Carlos Massad, Manuel Marfán, Pablo Piñera and Jorge Marshall.

After leaving the Ministry of Finance in December 1999, he took the role of Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, succeeding Alassane D. Ouattara for a five-year term that ended in June 2003.

[2] After leaving this role, he served as the Chilean Ambassador to Mexico from February 2005 to June 2006, followed by a term as Director of the Center for Applied Globalization at Finis Terrae University, and has remained as an international consultant to various groups, ranging from the Goldman Sachs Group to the Center for Financial Stability.