Eleanor Anne Maguire (27 March 1970 – 4 January 2025) was an Irish neuroscientist who was Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London,[2][3][4][5] where she was also a Wellcome Trust principal research fellow,[6][7] from 2007 until her death in 2025.

In addition, she was an honorary member of the Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London.

Maguire and others have noted that a distributed set of brain regions supports human episodic (autobiographical) memory, defined as the memory for personal everyday events,[13] and that this brain network overlaps considerably with that supporting navigation in large-scale space and other diverse cognitive functions such as imagination and thinking about the future.

[12] Her team used standard whole brain and high resolution structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with behavioural testing and neuropsychological examination of amnesic patients to pursue their aims.

was rated as one of the scientific breakthroughs of the year;[21] and her other studies demonstrating that it is possible to decode people's memories from the pattern of fMRI activity in the hippocampus.

[27] Maguire's entry in Who's Who listed her recreations as "Comedy lover, long-suffering supporter of Crystal Palace Football Club, [and] getting lost.