Locations that have such fees include the European Union, the US State of California and the province of Ontario, Canada.
The non-profit National Center for Electronics Recycling calls it "patchwork of state regulations".
Sellers and manufacturers are subject to civil fines for failing to collect and remit the fee.
Fees are collected for the following CEDs (Covered Electronic Devices): In Washington, a law passed in 2006 requires manufacturers to be responsible for recycling their products at the ends of their lifetimes.
This is funded by national "producer compliance schemes",[2] into which manufacturers and distributors pay an annual fee for the collection and recycling of associated waste electronics from household waste recycling centres.