Elementary mathematics
These concepts and skills form the foundation for more advanced mathematical study and are essential for success in many fields and everyday life.
The study of elementary mathematics is a crucial part of a student's education and lays the foundation for future academic and career success.
Elementary Focus: 'Measurement skills and concepts' or 'Spatial Sense' are directly related to the world in which students live.
Many of the concepts that students are taught in this strand are also used in other subjects such as science, social studies, and physical education[3] In the measurement strand students learn about the measurable attributes of objects,in addition to the basic metric system.
[5] For example, determining the volume of a sphere requires a significant amount of integral calculus or its geometrical analogue, the method of exhaustion;[6] but, having done this once in terms of some parameter (the radius for example), mathematicians have produced a formula to describe the volume.
An equation is a formula of the form A = B, where A and B are expressions that may contain one or several variables called unknowns, and "=" denotes the equality binary relation.
Data in computing (or data processing) is represented in a structure that is often tabular (represented by rows and columns), a tree (a set of nodes with parent-children relationship), or a graph (a set of connected nodes).
Basic topics in elementary mathematics include polygons, circles, perimeter and areas.
There are several well-known formulas for the areas of simple shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and circles.
Usually the Cartesian coordinate system is applied to manipulate equations for planes, straight lines, and squares, often in two and sometimes in three dimensions.
The idealized ruler, known as a straightedge, is assumed to be infinite in length, and has no markings on it and only one edge.
The compass is assumed to collapse when lifted from the page, so may not be directly used to transfer distances.
[8] More formally, two sets of points are called congruent if, and only if, one can be transformed into the other by an isometry, i.e., a combination of rigid motions, namely a translation, a rotation, and a reflection.
So two distinct plane figures on a piece of paper are congruent if we can cut them out and then match them up completely.
More precisely, one can be obtained from the other by uniformly scaling (enlarging or shrinking), possibly with additional translation, rotation and reflection.
[11] Slope is often denoted by the letter m.[12] Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships involving lengths and angles of triangles.
The field emerged during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies.
[14] The No Child Left Behind program was one attempt to address this deficiency, requiring that all American students be tested in elementary mathematics.
