Eliška Purkyňová (16 November 1868 – 22 October 1933) was a Czechoslovakian politician.

[1] In 1915 she became head of the Central Association of Czech Women, and was a member of the bord of trustees of the Reform Gymnasium in Vinohrady.

[1] Following the independence of Czechoslovakia at the end of World War I, she began working for the Ministry of Social Welfare.

Having briefly served in the Revolutionary National Assembly [cs] in 1920 as a replacement for František Malínský [cs], Purkyňová was a Czechoslovak National Democracy (CND) candidate for the Chamber of Deputies in the 1920 parliamentary elections, and was one of sixteen women elected to parliament.

[1] After being elected, she served as vice-chair of the Bohemian provincial branch of the CND.