Elias Briggs Baldwin (June 17, 1834 – March 26, 1921) was a Union Army lieutenant colonel, later Provost Marshal, and pioneer of Labette County, Kansas.

Baldwin was born in Dutchess County, New York, and was raised on the family farm there.

On April 13, 1861, he joined the Union Army along with his four brothers, one of whom would be killed in action at the Battle of Resaca.

In August, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel over the 8th Regiment Missouri Volunteer Cavalry.

While serving under the command of Union General Francis Herron, in Huntsville, Arkansas, Baldwin had nine local men executed on January 10, 1863, for reasons that remain unknown.