The 36th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

The regiment fought at the battles of Pea Ridge, Perryville, Stones River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Franklin, and Nashville.

The 36th Illinois Infantry was organized at Camp Hammond at Montgomery, Illinois, just south of Aurora, and mustered into Federal service on September 23, 1861, for three years service.

Moved to St. Louis, Mo., thence to Rolla, Mo.. September 24–29, 1861.

2nd Brigade, Army of Southwest Missouri, to March, 1862.

2nd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of Southwest Missouri, to June, 1862.

1st Brigade, 5th Division, Army Mississippi, to September, 1862.

37th Brigade, 11th Division, Army of the Ohio, to October, 1862.

37th Brigade, 11th Division, 3rd Corps, Army Ohio, to November, 1862.

1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 4th Army Corps, to August, 1865.

Curtis' Campaign against Price in Missouri and Arkansas January to March, 1862.

Battle of Stone's River December 30–31, 1862, and January 1–3, 1863.

Passage of Cumberland Mountains and Tennessee River and Chickamauga (Ga.) Campaign August 16-September 22.

Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5.

Operations about Marietta and against Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July 2.

Ruff's Station, Smyrna Camp Ground, July 4.

Duty at Headquarters of General P. H. Sheridan, Commanding Dept.

The regiment suffered 11 officers and 193 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 127 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 332 fatalities.