Elimar Klebs (15 October 1852 – 16 May 1918) was a German historian of ancient history.
He studied in Berlin under Theodor Mommsen and Heinrich von Treitschke, receiving his doctorate in 1876 and his habilitation in 1883.
Along with Hermann Dessau and Paul von Rohden, he was involved in producing the first edition of the Prussian Academy of Sciences' Prosopographia Imperii Romani.
Because of a serious illness, he was put on leave in 1913 and discharged from his academic duties the following year.
In addition, he made significant contributions to the Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft.