Elisabeth (Lilli) Deichmann-Schaaffhausen (13 May 1811 – 4 July 1888) was a German aristocrat who became an ophthalmologist and a citizen of Liechtenstein.

[citation needed] Her mother was active in public life supporting girls' schools and art societies in Cologne.

[2] She married a wealthy banker, Wilhelm Ludwig Deichmann, and in 1853 they moved to a castle near Bonn called Schloss Deichmannsaue [de].

[3] Their home was a salon and the guests included the Crown Prince of Prussia and the composers Clara Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms and Max Bruch.

[3] In 1873 she was given the Royal Württemberg Order of Olga[citation needed] and at that time she already had the Cross of Merit for Women and Girls[4] The violinist and musicologist Wilhelm Joseph von Wasielewski dedicated his 1869 book The Violin and its Masters to "Mrs. Lilla Deichmann née Schaaffhausen ... in grateful homage".