Elisabeth A. Wheeler (born January 10, 1944)[1] is an American biologist, botanist, and wood scientist, who is an emeritus professor at the North Carolina State University.

Her research work is in the area of wood anatomy (softwoods and hardwoods) and paleontology (late cretaceous and early tertiary fossil woods),[2][3][4] Most of her pioneering research work has been jointly made with the Dutch botanist, Pieter Baas.

[6] During the years 1972–1976, she worked as a curatorial assistant and honorary research fellow at the Bailey-Wetmore Laboratory of Plant Anatomy and Morphology at Harvard University.

Wheeler has coordinated the NCSU initiative for the creation of the InsideWood, a unique and versatile purely-educational database[7][8][9] containing thousands of wood anatomical descriptions and over 66,000 photomicrographs, and its free, open coverage is worldwide.

[12] In October 2023, a meta-research carried out by John Ioannidis et al. at the Stanford University included Wheeler in Elsevier Data 2022, where she was ranked at the top 2% of researchers of all time in forestry – paleontology.