Eliyahu Golomb was born on 2 March 1893 to Naftali[2] and Esther née Kellar in the shtetl of Volkovysk in the Grodno Governorate, within the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire (now in western Belarus).

According to Ahuvia Malchin in his book "The Activist," "the severe incidents and the tension that followed left a deep impression on the gymnasium students, affecting their entire lives."

Following these events, Golomb concluded that "without the ability to defend, agricultural work and settlement are not enough; only the combination of labor and defense can lead to a genuine hold on the land.

[5] He was ordered by Hassan Bey, the Ottoman military governor of Jaffa, to continue grinding flour even on Shabbat.

Initially, Golomb did not see this order as offensive, as work was done on Shabbat in urgent cases in Degania and Kinneret.

Fortunately, his close friend Dov Hoz caught him cleaning the pistol and immediately understood his intention.

At the end of World War I, Golomb established the "Jaffa Group", which prepared for self-defense and maintained ties with the "Hashomer" organization.

Golomb was a founder of the Haganah and led it for many years,[8] during which he was involved in purchasing weapons from abroad (mainly from Vienna, Paris, and Berlin).

Between 1922 and 1924, Golomb was sent abroad by the Haganah to buy weapons and organize groups of young pioneers in Europe.

The Haganah was a popular organization, "composed of anyone who could defend themselves, under the command of the public-political leadership, with the goal of protecting not only property, life, and honor but also the Zionist enterprise.

He organized Aliyah Bet during the British Mandate period and initiated the plan for the Haganah parachutists in Europe during the Holocaust.