Elizabeth Antonovna of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1743–1782) was the daughter of Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick and Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia.

In contrast to that of their elder brother, the deposed Ivan VI, who was placed in solitary confinement, the younger siblings were kept together with their father after the death of their mother in 1746.

In 1780, Empress Catherine was arranging for their release and transfer to the custody of their paternal aunt, the Danish queen dowager Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in Denmark.

[1] They had reportedly a friendly relationship to each other, spending their days tending to the garden and their hens and ducks, riding, chasing each other on the frozen lake at winter, and playing chess and cards.

[1] Kovrov city council member Nikolay Frolov wrote that Elizabeth likely had a son with a guard sergeant named Ivan Trifonov.

While leaving Russia on ship on the 27 June 1780, the siblings reportedly started to cry upon seeing the fortress in Arkhangelsk, believing that they had been tricked and would be separated and each placed in solitary confinement.