Elizabeth Gasque Van Exem (February 26, 1886 – November 2, 1989), named Elizabeth Hawley Gasque during her tenure in Congress, was an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 6th congressional district from September 13, 1938, to January 3, 1939.

At the age of 103 years, 249 days, Gasque is the longest-lived member of Congress ever, a record that still stands as of 2023.

The Social Security death records state that Gasque was born in 1893, under her later married name of Van Exem.

Gasque died aged 103 in Ridgeway, South Carolina where she lived.

In 1982, a section of South Carolina state road was named the Elizabeth Gasque Van Exem Highway.