Located in the southeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Elk Township.

Originally part of Monroe County, Elk Township was transferred to Noble County upon its formation on April 1, 1851.

Statewide, the only other Elk Township is located in Vinton County, although there is an Elkrun Township in Columbiana County.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[4] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.