Chambers played in marching bands while serving in World War I, where he met bandleader Sam Wooding.
He played with Louis Armstrong, and recorded with him on sessions for Decca, Verve, and Paramount.
While with Armstrong he played alongside Coleman Hawkins, Don Redman, Buster Bailey, and Joe Smith.
Chambers left Henderson in 1926 and played subsequently in the bands of Ellsworth Reynolds (1926), Billy Fowler (1926–27), and Russell Wooding (1930).
He played in pit orchestras, in touring revues, and with Fats Waller, Sidney Bechet, and June Cole before going into semi-retirement in the 1930s.