The Republic of India recognised Ukraine as a sovereign country in December 1991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and established diplomatic relations in January 1992.

In March, 1992 the Treaty on Friendship and Co-operation was signed between India and Ukraine, providing a major boost to India-Ukraine trade relations.

There are such joint stock companies as 'Ukrindustry' that has won contracts for conducting coke battery reconstruction at the plants of metallurgy in Rourkela and Bokaro.

Under the Agreement signed between India and Ukraine in May 1992, the Joint S&T Committee meets annually to discuss implementation of projects, holding of exhibitions and co-operation in scientific research.

The Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations, Volodymyr Yelchenko, condemned India for testing nuclear weapons in a statement.

[8] In December 2014, Prime Minister of Crimea, Sergey Aksyonov, made an unofficial visit to India to sign a memorandum with a business group called the Indian-Crimean Partnership.

[10] In November 2020, India, along with 22 other countries, voted against a Ukraine-sponsored resolution in the United Nations condemning alleged human rights violations by Russia in Crimea.

[12][13] India was one of three countries on the UN Security Council to abstain from voting on the resolution to condemn the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which ultimately failed due to a veto from permanent member Russia.

Following the invasion of Ukraine, India doubled down on buying large amount of Russian oil at discounted price and continued placing order for Russian-made weapons.

[25] In July 2024, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Moscow to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy criticized Narendra Modi's visit to Moscow as a "huge disappointment and a devastating blow to peace efforts".

[26] The two embraced as Modi climbed out of his car; this act was criticized by Zelenskyy as it happened on the same day that Russian missiles struck a children's hospital in Kyiv.

[28] The Ukraine Defense Ministry’s official Twitter account posted a caricature image mocking the Hindu deity Maa Kaali and called it a "Work of Art".

[29] Oleksandr Merezhko, a senior Ukrainian lawmaker and a top aide to Volodymyr Zelenskyy, while on a visit to Washington, had requested United States to impose sanctions on India and China if they continue buying oil from Russia.

[30][31][32] On 2 September 2022, The Economic Times reported that India has strongly raised objection against the transfer of Pakistan's manufactured arms and ammunition to Ukraine through Royal Air Force's aircraft with the government of United Kingdom.

[35] On March 4, 2022, India asked Ukraine and Russia to enforce a truce in the northeastern Ukrainian city of Sumy to allow hundreds of Indian students besieged there to be evacuated as the situation worsened.