In English-speaking countries, paramedics are a separate profession that has additional educational requirements, qualifications, and scope of practice.

EMTs are often employed by public ambulance services, municipal EMS agencies, governments, hospitals, and fire departments.

Some specific recommendations include modified call queries, symptom screening, universal PPE use, hand hygiene, physical distancing, and stringent disinfection protocols.

[8][9] Research on ambulance ventilation systems found that aerosols often recirculate throughout the compartment, creating a health hazard for EMTs when transporting sick patients capable of airborne transmission.

In this manner, the confusing myriad of titles and occupational descriptions can at least be discussed using a common language for comparison sake.

epinephrine and glucagon, oral glucose and administration of intranasal Narcan with the exception of automated external defibrillation (which is still considered a regulated medical act in most provinces in Canada).

Several sites in Canada have adopted pre-hospital fibrinolytics and rapid sequence induction, and prehospital medical research has permitted a great number of variations in the scope of practice for ACPs.

Current programs include providing ACPs with discretionary direct 24-hour access to PCI labs, bypassing the emergency department, and representing a fundamental change in both the way that patients with S-T segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) are treated, but also profoundly affecting survival rates, as well as bypassing closer hospitals to get an identified stroke patient to a stroke centre.

IV/IO starts are nearly non-existent in the field and for this reason CCPs are required to attend nearly double the amount of time in classroom situations or in hospital to keep current.

In addition to this, they are trained for other skills such as medication infusion pumps, mechanical ventilation, and arterial line monitoring.

EMTs are a vital part of the private, voluntary and auxiliary services where a practitioner must be on board any ambulance in the process of transporting a patient to hospital.

[15] Basic tactical emergency care A state-level exam needs to be completed before an invitation to register as an EMT.

[18] Whilst paramedics in Ireland do work on front-line ambulances the PHECC standards for are generally lower than most of the world leaders in pre-hospital care.

Técnico en Emergencias Sanitarias (TES) are trained a total of 2000hrs in 2 years with 3 months of internship in ambulances at the very end.

Emergency medical technician is a term that has existed for many years in the United Kingdom, but has no single defined scope.

[23] The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) is a nonprofit organization[24] which offers certification exams based on NHTSA education guidelines and has been around since the 1970s.

However, applicants must successfully complete a state-approved EMT course that meets or exceeds the NREMT standards within the past two years of applying.

In 2009, the NREMT posted information about a transition to a new system of levels for emergency care providers developed by NHTSA with the National EMS Scope of Practice Project.

[33] EMR is the most basic level of training, and is considered the bare minimum certification for rescuers that respond to medical emergencies.

[1] EMRs are typically on-call volunteers in rural communities, or are primarily employed as firefighters or search and rescue personnel.

[34] The procedures and skills allowed at this level include bleeding control, management of burns, splinting of suspected fractures and spinal injuries, childbirth, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, semi-automatic defibrillation, oral suctioning, insertion of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways, pulse oximetry, blood glucose monitoring, auscultation of lung sounds, and administration of a limited set of medications (including oxygen, epinephrine, dextrose, naloxone, albuterol, ipratropium bromide, glucagon, nitroglycerin, nitrous oxide, and acetylsalicylic acid).

Some areas may add to the scope of practice, including intravenous access, insertion of supraglottic airway devices, and CPAP.

They can provide intermediate life support (ILS) care including obtaining intravenous or intraosseous access, basic cardiac monitoring, fluid resuscitation, capnography, and administration of some additional medications.

Paramedics perform a variety of medical procedures such as endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence induction, cricothyrotomy, fluid resuscitation, drug administration, obtaining intravenous and intraosseous access, manual defibrillation, electrocardiogram interpretation, capnography, cardioversion, transcutaneous pacing, pericardiocentesis, thoracostomy, ultrasonography, and blood chemistry interpretation.

EMT training programs for certification vary greatly from course to course, provided that each course at least meets local and national requirements.

Similar in a sense to medical school clinical rotations, EMT students are required to spend a required amount of time in an ambulance and on a variety of hospital services (e.g. obstetrics, emergency medicine, surgery, intensive care unit, psychiatry) in order to complete a course and become eligible for the certification and licensure exams.

EMT training programs take place at numerous locations, such as universities, community colleges, technical schools, hospitals or EMS academies.

[48] Systems also have policies in place to handle medical direction when communication failures happen or in disaster situations.

EMTs and paramedics are employed in varied settings, mainly the prehospital environment such as in EMS, fire, and police agencies.

[52] In some states of the US, many EMS agencies are run by independent non-profit volunteer first aid squads that are their own corporations set up as separate entities from fire departments.