Emotions in virtual communication

Text-based emotional expression first appeared through bulletin board systems (BBS), emails, internet-based chatrooms, instant messaging (IM), and social networks.

Originating from Japanese designer Shigetaka Kurita the pixelated symbol is derived from the English word "emotion".

Emojis including facial expressions, gestures, common objects, places and types of weather, and animals.

[9][10] Emotional AI has the goal of creating human-like interactions in digital atmospheres to improve the overall quality of virtual communication.

Often linked with negative outcomes, such as an increase in depression, anxiety or cyberbullying, sexting occurs in approximately 11% of the adolescent population.

[15] Despite these native associations, sexting has also been shown to have positive effects on sexual relief and body image reinforcement when done with an established partner.

This combination of anonymous and social detached communication has been shown to increase the likelihood of flaming, or angry and hostile language as a result of uninhibited behavior.

Kruger, Epley, Parker, and Ng (2005) found that individuals overestimate both their ability to clearly relay and interpret emotions via email.

[20] They attribute this inability to relay emotions effectively to others over CMC to a combination of egocentrism and a lack of paralinguistic cues including gestures, emphasis, and intonations.