[1] Such contracts and associated surety bonds are similar to indentured servitude or serfdom, in that although employees are compensated, they are not permitted to leave their employment except under specified conditions.
There is one exception provided in article 103(5) of Polish Labor Code[9] that allows by means of special training contract to impose on the employee an obligation to work for the particular employer for the period not exceeding 3 years.
[11] Demands for specific performance in personal services contracts (i.e. to remain in employment) are generally unenforceable under the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
[13] An investigation in 2023 found that TRAP clauses (that is, training-repayment-agreement provisions), which stipulate that the cost of on-the-job training will be borne by the employee, have become much more common in the United States than they were in previous decades.
[14] In July 2024, the IT staffing agency Smoothstack was sued by the United States Department of Labor for its use of TRAP agreements described as "modern-day indentured servitude.