Enamel fracture

[1] Enamel fractures commonly result from direct impacts to the tooth, often occurring due to a variety of accidents.

These accidents encompass a broad spectrum of situations, including sports-related injuries, cycling mishaps, motor vehicle collisions, and physical altercations.

This can result in excessive pressure on some areas of the teeth, particularly during chewing or grinding, which increases the risk of enamel fractures occurring.

This limitation arrives from the sole effect on the outer tooth layer in enamel fractures, independent from the underlying dentine or pulp.

Various diagnostic techniques are available to localise and assess the direction of the fracture, including clinical examinations, transillumination and bite tests.

[6] Transillumination will show the enamel fracture to appear darker compared to the rest of the tooth due to the light not passing through.

[8][5] In cases of a simple enamel fracture, the recommended approach is to reattach the broken tooth fragment, if it is possible.

[4][1] Depending on the extent of the fractured portion, a choice is made between a glass ionomer or permanent restoration, such as composite resin, to ensure structural integrity and good aesthetics.

[4] Early detection and intervention are pivotal in ensuring optimal outcomes and maintaining oral health following dental trauma.