Endoplasm

This is opposed to the ectoplasm which is the outer (non-granulated) layer of the cytoplasm, which is typically watery and immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane.

Some components of the cytoskeleton run throughout the endoplasm though most are concentrated in the ectoplasm - towards the cells edges, closer to the plasma membrane.

These granules give the cell a large amount of regulation and control over the wide variety of metabolic activities that take place within the endoplasm.

It is a concentrated aqueous gel with molecules so crowded and packed together within the water base that its behavior is more gel-like than liquid.

It has several functions, including physical support of the cell, preventing collapse, as well as degrading nutrients, transport of small molecules, and containing the ribosomes responsible for protein synthesis.

Not to be confused with the cytoplasm, the cytosol is only the gel matrix of the cell which does not include many of the macromolecules essential to cellular function.

To create the pseudopod, the gel of the ectoplasm begins to convert to sol which, along with the endoplasm, pushes a portion of the plasma membrane into an appendage.

[1] Though research has shown aspects of the cytoskeleton (specifically microfilaments) assist with pseudopod formation, the exact mechanism is unknown.

Glucose is broken down through three sequential processes: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Each ribosome is composed of 2 subunits and is responsible for translating genetic codes from mRNA into proteins by creating strings of amino acids called peptides.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes hormones and lipids, degrades toxins, and controls cellular levels of calcium.

Shown is a micrograph of an amoeba; the darker pink nucleus is central to the eukaryotic cell, with the majority of the rest of the cell's body belonging to the endoplasm. Though not visible, the ectoplasm resides directly internal to the plasma membrane.
This is a perikaryon of a nerve cell, displayed here because of the obvious cytoplasmic granules. The granules, which appear almost black due to their high electron density, take up a large portion of the endoplasm. They are suspended in cytosol - the fluid component of the cytoplasm.
This image displays the 3 main processes of cell respiration - the pathway from which the cell obtains energy in the form of ATP. These processes include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.