: endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.

[1][2] This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition, resulting in less cortical thickness.

[3] The outer surface of a bone is lined by a thin layer of connective tissue that is very similar in morphology and function to endosteum.

It is called the periosteum, or the periosteal surface.

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