Energy mix

[7] In 2018, the global primary energy source was about 80% fossil fuels: (33.6% oil, 27.2% coal, 23.9% natural gas), 6.8% hydro, 4.4% nuclear, and 4% other renewables, such as wind, thermal, bioenergies, solar, and waste.

[9] Many countries, such as Pakistan[10] and Malaysia[11] have begun developing options for more sustainable energy practices.

Following this scenario, fossil fuel usage would drop significantly, but it would require a dramatic increase of use of renewable resources, particularly in Asia.

[15] To reduce or avoid these monostructures, diversification must change the energy mix so that one-sided import and export dependencies with individual countries are entirely or partially eliminated.

From this perspective, the Nord Stream 2 project contradicts the rules of a diversified energy mix.

[16] The Russian invasion of Ukraine has brought the risks of the German energy mix into focus.

As reported by Economics Minister Robert Habeck in March 2022, short-term contracts are intended to reduce dependence on Russian natural gas (from 55% to 30%), crude oil (from 35% to 25%), and coal (from 50% to 25%).