Wales in the Late Middle Ages

The Statute divided parts of Wales into the counties of Anglesey, Merioneth and Caernarvon, created out of the remnants of Llewelyn's Gwynedd.

It allowed the King of England to appoint royal officials such as sheriffs, coroners, and bailiffs to collect taxes and administer justice.

[citation needed] The conquest of Wales did not end Welsh resistance, and a number of rebellions arose over the next century, between 1294 and 1409.

[7] In 1294, he put himself at the head of a national revolt in response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales.

[10] Madog escaped but was captured by Ynyr Fychan of Nannau in Snowdonia in late July or early August 1295.

[12] Following an order to appear before king Edward II of England, Llywelyn raised an army of Welsh Glamorgan men which laid siege Caerphilly Castle.

[16][18] As a result, the claim to the title 'Prince of Wales' fell to the other royal dynasties, of Deheubarth and Powys and heir Owain Glyndŵr.

In 1485 Jasper's nephew, Henry Tudor, landed in Wales with a small force to launch his bid for the throne of England.

Henry was partly of Welsh descent, born in Pembroke, raised in Raglan and his grandfather hailing from Anglesey.

Henry defeated King Richard III of England at the Battle of Bosworth, fighting under a banner of a red dragon and with an army containing many Welsh soldiers.

[28][29] It was the likes of James of Saint George who hailed from Savoy, and brought European designed castles, St. George's official title was Master of the Royal Works in Wales (Latin: Magistro Jacobo de sancto Georgio, Magistro operacionum Regis in Wallia), and would work in Wales in Britain.

[30] These Edwardian castles were either burnt to the ground in the Glyndŵr Rising in the 15th century, or, if they survived the Welsh rebellion, they were later slighted in the English Civil War.

English kings paid lip service to their responsibilities by appointing a Council of Wales, sometimes presided over by the heir to the throne.

This Council normally sat in Ludlow, now in England but at that time still part of the disputed border area of the Welsh Marches.

[citation needed] Welsh literature, particularly poetry, continued to flourish however, with the lesser nobility now taking over from the princes as the patrons of the poets and bards.

Dafydd ap Gwilym who flourished in the middle of the fourteenth century is considered by many to be the greatest of the Welsh poets.

The Treaty coincided with one of the last attacks of the Welsh on a Norman English built castle, Llywelyn II unsuccessfully attempting a revolt in 1282.

The new government would include the ruling families of "Clares (Gloucester and Glamorgan), the Mortimers (Wigmore and Chirk), Lacy (Denbigh), Warenne (Bromfield and Yale), FitzAlan (Oswestry), Bohun (Brecon), Braose (Gower), and Valence (Pembroke)".

It was built by Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, who was a member of the Royal Kingdom of Powys and ordered its construction in the 13th century, the castle and lands were leased by the Herbert family during 1578.

Of late the castle has become the property of the Welsh National trust, its final private owner was George Herbert, 4th Earl of Powis until 1952.