Business-firm party

[3][14][15] Due to the lack of grassroots mobilization, leader-oriented parties may be less successful in local and regional politics, which are more distant from the charismatic leader, as occurred with ANO 2011 and Forza Italia.

[9] However, another tendency is not to have a firm ideology and instead closely follow opinion polls while being vague or self-contradictory on the party's standpoint.

[12] Business-firm parties are likely to emerge in new democracies[17] and in situations of high electoral volatility.

[5] The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany requires that political parties "conform to democratic principles" in their internal organization.

"[20] The constitutions of Portugal, Spain, Argentina, and Turkey include similar provisions.