Eosinophilic granuloma

EG is a quite rare condition, and its incidence is higher in white than in black population, also slightly more affecting males than females.

However, the onset of abnormal LC proliferation may be triggered by viral stimuli (EBV, Human Herpes virus 6), bacterial toxins or defective regulation of IL-1 and IL-10 production.

[4] Clinically, single or multiple lesions are present mostly on the axial skeleton - on the skull, spine, ribs, pelvis and long bones.

Symptoms of EG include stiffness, local pain, edema of surrounding tissues, posture change, and many others, depending on the affected bone.

[5] Diagnostic options of EG comprise X-ray, CT and MR. Histopathological examination of the bioptic sample is focused on the presence of mononuclear LCs with prominent nuclear grooves (coffee bean shaped nuclei) with addition of eosinophils.

[6] Electron microscopy examination of the sample is based on detection of Birbeck granules, specific "tennis racquet" shaped inclusion within cytoplasm of LCs.

[7] Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC) is relatively common condition, characterized by number of patterns affecting oral cavity, skin and mucocutaneous junctions of cats.

[10] Commonly used drugs include: trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, cephalexin, amoxicillin, trihydrate-clavulanate, clindamycin, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, and fluocinolone.

[11] Canine eosinophilic granuloma (CEG) is extremely rare autoinflammatory state affecting primarily oral cavity and surrounding areas of transition between mucosa and hairy skin.

Although the etiology of the disease is not understood completely, it is believed that the most relevant triggers of the autoimmune reaction are various environmental stimuli, especially food allergens and insect bites.

[13] Recent publications mention electrochemotherapy as a novel therapeutical method of CEG providing selective disappearance of the granuloma mass.