Ephraim Paine (August 19, 1730 in Canterbury, Windham County, Connecticut – August 10, 1785 in Amenia, Dutchess County, New York) was an American physician and politician from New York.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (Middle D.) from 1779 to 1781, and was elected to the Council of Appointment in September 1780.
On March 15, 1781, he was expelled from the State Senate for "neglect of duty," and was the only member of the Council of Appointment who did not finish his one-year term.
He was Supervisor of Amenia in 1782 and 1783, and a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in 1784.
He was buried at the Red Meeting House Cemetery, near Amenia.