Epidendrum dichotomum C.Presl (1827) is a member of the E. secundum group which can grow terrestrially, on rocks, and in trees.

[2] In Schweinfurth (1960),[3] E. dichotomum is the accepted name of a species distinct from E. secundum, but with several listed synonyms: E. brachyphyllum, E. lindenii, E. cuzcoense, E. tarmense, and E. inconstans.

According to H. G. Reichenbach (1861), it is distinguished by a small lip, an entire clinandrium, and an unlobed tubercle with a pair of smaller calli near its base.

The original description makes no mention of the tubercle, but simply compares E. dichotomum to both E. fimbriato and E. ibaguense, and notes that it differs sufficiently from both of them.

is a synonym for the different species, Epidendrum jamaicense Lindl.