[3] The construction work for Erasmus Hospital began in October 1971 on an open field at the limit of Anderlecht (south-west Brussels) with the Pajottenland (Flemish Brabant).

Beginning in 2018, the modernisation and extension of the hospital, called New Erasme, will start in the south-west of the campus, next to the Jules Bordet Institute.

[10] Since December 2021, in addition to the university hospital, the new building for the Jules Bordet Institute, an oncology specialist clinic, has also been set up on site.

It is named after the immunologist and microbiologist, Jules Bordet, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1919 for his discoveries relating to immunity.

Erasmus Hospital also includes a number of other sites such as Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital in Laeken (north-west Brussels),[11] polyclinics in the city centre (Lothier Polyclinic)[12] and in Nivelles, a specialist geriatric clinic (Geriatric Rehabilitation Center – CRG)[13] and a special rehabilitation clinic (Center for Traumatology and Readaptation – CTR) in north-west Brussels.