This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites and their vectors.

For many microbiologists, this work includes planning and conducting experimental research projects in some kind of laboratory setting.

Microbiologists working in government may have a variety of duties, including laboratory research, writing and advising, developing and reviewing regulatory processes, and overseeing grants offered to outside institutions.

Postdoctoral researchers are often evaluated largely based on their record of published academic papers, as well as recommendations from their supervisors and colleagues.

In addition, demand for biofuels production is expected to increase the need for microbiologists to conduct advanced research and development in these areas.