Ernani Henrique Chaves Aguiar (born 30 August 1950) is a Brazilian composer, choral conductor, and musicologist.

A scholarship winner to the Argentine Mozarteum,[1] Aguiar studied under various composers and conductors in South America and later in Europe, including Sergiu Celibidache.

[2] As a musicologist, he has specialized in the revising, editing, and revival of works by composers of the 18th century Minas Gerais School.

He has written a number of instrumental pieces, but his most famous works are his choral pieces, such as the fiery Salmo 150, composed in 1975 and published in 1993, which features rhythmic backgrounds with very rapid articulations.

He is currently a professor of music at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, a fellow of the Villa-Lobos Institute, and a member of the Academia Brasileira de Música.