Ernst Theodor Karl Schwalbe (26 January 1871 – 16 March 1920) was a German pathologist, who specialized in teratological research.
He studied medicine at the universities of Strassburg, Berlin and Heidelberg, and received his habilitation in 1900 with a thesis on blood coagulation.
Afterwards, he worked as an assistant under Julius Arnold at Heidelberg, and in 1907/08 served as prosector and head of the pathology-bacteriology clinic at the city hospital in Karlsruhe.
From 1908 to 1920 he was a full professor at the University of Rostock.
He was killed in Rostock while serving as a volunteer during the Kapp Putsch (1920).