Limonite was found close to the surface and was mined in the 12th century, with exploitation rights accorded by territorial rulers.

The upper part was mined by the townsfolk of Vordernberg and the lower by the more local people of Innerberg (former name of Eisenerz).

In the valley of Eisenerz and Vordernberg Radwerke forges were built, powered by water wheels leading to bellows, encouraging further settlement.

Ore was carried out manually and taken to the valley Radwerke using primitive sleighs, Sackzug, with women assisting, before horses and carts were available.

Technological advances including automation and remote control of operations led to major job losses and the contraction of the mine workforce.

The funicular railway, the "Hugo-Stinnes Aufzug", transported workers more quickly to the mine site from town.