Approximately 90% of the plant, beetle, butterfly and moth, bird and mammal species found in Estonia are represented in the collections.

The most numerous samples among the preserved material include fossils of marine invertebrates from the Ordovician and Silurian Periods.

The paleontological collections furthermore contain bone fractions and skeletal fragments of mammals of the Quaternary Period, most of which originate from Russia’s northern territories.

Lithological collections hold typical sedimentary rocks of the Estonian bedrock: limestone, marl, sandstone, and mudstone.

The number of the museum’s mineralogical specimens has increased significantly during the last decade, owing to domestic and foreign donations.

[8] The history of science collection has approximately 1,050 archival materials and historical items related to the study and mediation of nature.

The photo collection of the museum has been digitised in the biodiversity information system PlutoF under the acronym TAMF.