It was re-established in 2013 GC and renamed the National Intelligence and Security Service although it already has a long extensive prior history in different format and shapes over the course of over 80 years under the Imperial government during Emperor Haile Selassie I and onward through 3 different governmental constitutions and changes.

The organization is the main agency tasked with law enforcement regarding aviation, border security and checkpoints in airports and land designated areas.

[a] The National Intelligence and Security Service in 2019 showed legal authority and imposed a travel ban on 3,000 individuals from moving out into other countries.

[6] Ethiopian NISS and Somalia Intelligence forces worked together to counter act Al-Shabaab and ISIS terrorist through various MOU's signed.

[15] Ethiopia's intelligence agency and its traces back in 1935 where during the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie I, fascist Italy led by dictator Benito Mussolini invaded the country.

Neither Insisting the Ethiopian Imperial armed forces and their respective British allies in cooperation of the war effort by the Emperor, since the agency was immediately created after the liberation of Ethiopia after the invasion in 1941.

Due to economic and war turmoil between modern day Eritrea, and Somalia, the agency had to work not only on citizens or civilians but help in the front against hostile foreign agents in cooperation with the defence forces.

During the mid 90s the TPLF led government appoints Kuma Demeksa to lead the department overseeing the intelligence under Ministry of Internal Affair.

[c] The NISS over its three decades of its modern existence has made politically motivated arrests, and torture, to journalists who oppose the government's points of views, and individuals.

Going into the merits of the restructuring, Demelash talked about a draft law, currently under scrutiny in the Council of Ministers, which is expected to refer it to the House People's Representatives where it will be ratified.

According to Demelash, the new law will clearly demarcate the powers and functions of the intelligence service and ensure that the activities are subject to institutional oversight and appropriate safeguards.

The parliament proposed bill will force and prevent officials working at the agency of having any discriminatory practices against groups for their political affiliations while on the course of their duties.

[24][25][26]Former officials of the NISS had been charged with gross human rights abuses, dereliction of duty through ill act on finically supported deadly weapons as explosives being used for non-duty related activity.

Getachew Assefa the former head of the organization has been found guilty and is a convicted felon in absentia for corruption including mass murder and sentenced to 18 years in prison.

[27] Other high members as Yared Zerihun, the chief of the anti-terrorism taskforce division of the NISS, and Emanuel Kiros, a former senior official at the agency have been arrested and found guilty and sentenced to 3 to 5 years in prison for human rights abuses deducted from corruption and dereliction of duty in the Federal High Court, Lideta division, the second highest court of Ethiopia.

[36][37][38][39] In 2021 the NISS was able to gather intel that a terrorist plot was setting place in the capital, Addis Ababa targeted against the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Embassy by Iranian nationals.

Al-Shabaab has stayed silent on the matter regarding the 34 number arrests made against its members across various regional states and parts of the country, including its capital Addis Ababa and such.

[48][49][d]They also train aviation authorities, to control checkpoints in ports of commerce, and airports, and border points for foreign goods and peoples and citizens coming in and out the country.

[50] The NISS with its sister agency the EFP are both permanent members of the National Security Council (NSC) of Ethiopia and as such has played a crucial role in the war in Tigray, in the country's northernmost regional state.

As part of the NSC the NISS directly reports to the Prime Minister's Office and nonetheless in addition to the Ministry of Peace as its parent department.

Nonetheless the NISS role as the sole prerogative of the country's anti-terror organization besides the military puts lawmakers and government policy makers on the pen stroke sustainable to possible bias reports on certain actions.