Eucalyptus chlorophylla is a tree that typically grows to a height of 18 m (59 ft) or a mallee to 6 m (20 ft) with hard, rough, grey-brown to bleached grey bark, and that forms a lignotuber.

The fruit remain on the tree and contain blackish brown seeds 1–2.5 mm (0.039–0.098 in) long, flattened-oval and sometimes pointed at one end.

[8]: 605 Green-leaf box is found scattered over plains and low rises in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, near Kununurra and Fitzroy Crossing spreading east through the top end of the Northern Territory from a latitude between Mataranka south to about Tennant Creek and then in the Gulf Country of Queensland as far east as the hinterland of the Gulf of Carpentaria.

It is found growing in woodlands and shrubby plains in gravelly lateritic to loamy soils or sand.

[2][3][4] This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife and as "least concern" in the Northern Territory and Queensland.