He began his studies in 1877 at the École des Beaux-Arts in Montpellier, then, in 1881, enrolled at the Académie Julian in Paris.
His paintings were not successful, partly on account of his physical isolation and lack of social connections, but he excelled in his engravings.
From 1908 to 1909, he edited the bi-monthly Le Cri de la Terre, a regional illustrated magazine, produced by Louis Loup-Forveille at his printing shop in Rodez.
In 1912, he established a studio in Neuilly-sur-Seine, with the help of his patron, the industrialist and art collector Maurice Fenaille.
Since 1999, the association Les Amis d'Eugène Viala et du Lévezou has been organizing exhibitions and cultural activities.